3/14/2023 0 Comments Age of empires 3 kay![]() ![]() However, around 1200 BC, at the end of the LBA, the Eastern Mediterranean civilization declined or collapsed 20, 28– 33. In Egypt, the New Kingdom was at its height during the prosperous reign of Seti I (first regnal year: 1307–1296 cal yr BC historical date 1295–1279 BC) and Ramses II (first regnal year: 1292–1281 cal yr BC historical date 1279–1213 BC) –. In the Levant, the Canaanite coastal cities were prospering through trade from Egypt to Mesopotamia, and Canaan was the sphere of interest of the Egyptian and Hittite empires. The Hittites had carved out a vast empire encompassing a large part of Anatolia, the north-western region of Syria, and extending eastward into Upper Mesopotamia. In the Aegean, the Mycenaean culture was flourishing with powerful urban centres such as Mycenae and Tiryns in Argolis, Pylos in Messenia, Athens in Attica, Thebes and Orchomenus in Boeotia, Iolkos in Thessaly, and Knossos in Crete. 1200 BC), the Eastern Mediterranean hosted some of the world’s most advanced civilizations. From this crisis arose new societies and new ideologies. 1200 BC, with population migrations and wars. ![]() New light has recently been shed by both paleoclimate – and archaeological communities 17– 19 on the so-called 3.2 ka event, also termed Late Bronze Age (LBA) collapse or crisis – This event was associated with a major cultural disruption at ca. Nevertheless, climate fluctuations on multi-centennial to millennial time-scales and rapid shifts occurred during the Holocene –, and significantly impacted human societies –. The statistical analysis of proximate and ultimate features of the sequential collapse reveals the relationships of climate-driven famine, sea-borne-invasion, region-wide warfare, and politico-economic collapse, in whose wake new societies and new ideologies were created.Ĭompared to the Last Glacial period, the amplitude of Holocene climate fluctuations is less pronounced. Here we report palaeoclimate data from Cyprus for the Late Bronze Age crisis, alongside a radiocarbon-based chronology integrating both archaeological and palaeoclimate proxies, which reveal the effects of abrupt climate change-driven famine and causal linkage with the Sea People invasions in Cyprus and Syria. ![]() Iconic Egyptian bas-reliefs and graphic hieroglyphic and cuneiform texts portray the proximate cause of the collapse as the invasions of the “Peoples-of-the-Sea” at the Nile Delta, the Turkish coast, and down into the heartlands of Syria and Palestine where armies clashed, famine-ravaged cities abandoned, and countrysides depopulated. The Late Bronze Age world of the Eastern Mediterranean, a rich linkage of Aegean, Egyptian, Syro-Palestinian, and Hittite civilizations, collapsed famously 3200 years ago and has remained one of the mysteries of the ancient world since the event’s retrieval began in the late 19 th century AD/CE. ![]()
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